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Ecological Importance of Al-Gara Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Eastern Part of Sirte Gulf, Libya

Al-Gara Island: A Critical Marine Protected Area at Risk

Al-Gara Island, a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the eastern Sirte Gulf, plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation. It is home to the largest Mediterranean breeding colony of the Lesser Crested Tern (Thalasseus bengalensis) and a breeding ground for the European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis). A field study conducted in February and May 2023 recorded:

  • 11 species of macrophytes,
  • 17 species of mollusks,
  • 4 crustacean species,
  • 16 fish species, including 5 non-indigenous species.

Key threats include illegal fishing, overfishing, invasive species, and oil pollution. Urgent conservation measures are needed to mitigate these pressures and ensure the long-term sustainability of the Al-Gara MPA.


Key Findings :

  • Biodiversity Hotspot: Al-Gara Island is among Libya’s eight identified high biodiversity areas.
  • Marine Species Diversity: Fieldwork confirmed significant diversity, with several non-indigenous species recorded.
  • Environmental Threats: Oil pollution, illegal fishing, and overexploitation pose major risks to marine life.

Research Type :


Field Study  &   Ecological Assessment

Keywords :


Al-Gara Island, MPA, marine biodiversity, conservation, ecosystem threats
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Publication Details

Authors

  • Esmail Shakman
    (Zoology Department, University of Tripoli)
  • Abdalaha Elmgwashi
    (Marine Biology Research Centre, Tajoura)
  • Mohamed Hajaji
    (Marine Biology Research Centre, Tajoura)
  • Abdalaha Karmous
    (Libyan Society of Artisanal Fishery Friends)
  • Nairuz Bek Benghazi
    (Libyan Society of Artisanal Fishery Friends)
  • Abdulfattah Elfituri
    (Marine Biology Research Centre, Tajoura)
  • Yassine Sghaier
    (SPA/RAC-MAP/UNEP, Tunisia)
  • Khaled Etayeb
    (Zoology Department, University of Tripoli)